Albrechtsberg Castle, Albrechtsberg an der Großen Krems, Austria

Albrechtsberg Castle was probably built in the 12th century and was documented first time in 1230. It belonged to Protestant Neidegger family from 1377 until 1527 and was badly damaged in Hussite Wars. Knight Erasmus von Peuckham converted it into a Renaissance style residence in the 16th century. The castle was again damaged during the Thirty Years' War.

The towering, irregular structure largely dates from the second half of the 16th century. It is characterized by its high, crenellated ring wall, which features prominent watch and defense towers with numerous keyhole slits. The three-story, multi-winged complex includes three courtyards, a southern entrance through a round-arched portal marked '1675' in the gable field, and a main gate in the northeast with a machicolation. One courtyard contains a cross-vaulted arcade on squat columns. Additional features include a smoke kitchen with a pyramid chimney, cross-vaulted rooms, a wooden ceiling marked '1604,' and an 18th-century granary with a hipped roof. The castle chapel houses the burial site of the Neidegger family.

Walls of Constantinople

The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.

Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.

Albrechtsberg Castle

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