Penella Castle is located about 7 km from Cocentaina in the province of Alicante, Spain. It was built in the 13th century, occupying the entirety of a limestone rock with vertical walls on its north side. The castle is named after the area where it is situated.
This castle belongs to the category of rural castles or fortified manor houses from the early Christian period. In 1271, King James I granted Ponç Guillem de Villafranca the villages of Peniella and Forminyàn, authorizing him to build a castle on the rock of Peniella.
Currently, the keep of the castle can be seen, with a square plan measuring 4 meters per side and 12 meters in height. The top of the keep is crenellated. Attached to the keep is a square-shaped building, which is also crenellated.
Herceg Novi was founded (on a former small fishing village, existing since Roman Empire times) as a fortress in 1382 by first Bosnian King Stjepan Tvrtko I and was called Sveti Stefan or Castelnuovo. The Turks conquered Herceg Novi in 1482, and ruled for 200 years, until 1687. However, there was a short pause between 1538 and 1539 when it was held by the Spaniards before they were defeated in the Siege of Castelnuovo. Turkey ruled again until 1687, from then until 1797, the town was ruled by the Venetian Republic.
The Herceg Novi old town is amazing. It is on a fairly steep hill that leads all the way down to the sea. Wandering through the small stairways to the various plazas and fortresses is a many hour adventure.