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Founded: 12th centuryCategory: Castles and fortifications in France
Historical period: Birth of Capetian dynasty (France)
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The Château de Murs, perched on the heights of Murs near the Vaucluse mountains, was built between the 12th and 18th centuries.
The oldest remains, dating back to the 12th century, were built by the d'Agoult family as a fortified garrison with ramparts and a tower, now located in the western part of the current castle. Around the same time, a village church served both as a chapel and parish, featuring a small cloister.
In the 13th century, the 'Maison Crillon' was built as a residence for visiting lords. In 1462, the property was transferred to the Astouaud family, who expanded and refined the castle, adding a central keep with a chapel and justice hall. In the Renaissance period, they built a new house beside the Maison Crillon.
In the 18th century, Jean-Baptiste François d’Astouaud, Marquis of Murs, added gardens and a grand iron gate bearing the family coat of arms. By the French Revolution, the castle had fallen into neglect.
Restoration began in the mid-19th century, led by the Vayson family. The poet and artist Paul Vayson, a descendant, described the castle’s haunting beauty, with its ivy-covered walls, crumbling battlements, and nesting swallows.
Complete restoration was achieved in the mid-20th century. Today, the castle remains private and is not open to the public.
The Temple of Edfu is one of the best preserved ancient shrines in Egypt. It was built in the Ptolemaic Kingdom between 237 and 57 BC.
Edfu was one of several temples built during the Ptolemaic Kingdom, including the Dendera Temple complex, Esna, the Temple of Kom Ombo, and Philae. Its size reflects the relative prosperity of the time. The present temple initially consisted of a pillared hall, two transverse halls, and a barque sanctuary surrounded by chapels. The building was started during the reign of Ptolemy III Euergetes and completed in 57 BC under Ptolemy XII Auletes. It was built on the site of an earlier, smaller temple also dedicated to Horus, although the previous structure was oriented east–west rather than north–south as in the present site.