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Founded: 11th centuryCategory: Castles and fortifications in France
Historical period: Birth of Capetian dynasty (France)
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The Château de Thouzon, located in the commune of Le Thor in Vaucluse, was originally a fortified Benedictine monastery. It preserves an ancient vaulted church, a chapel, two towers, remnants of walls, and a stone-carved cistern in its courtyard. Privately owned, the site is restored and maintained by a volunteer association that organizes summer youth projects.
In 1014, the Benedictines of Saint-André Abbey gained possession of Thouzon, confirmed by the Bishop of Cavaillon. Throughout the 11th and 12th centuries, prominent figures such as Raymond IV of Toulouse and Pope Gelasius II granted privileges to the abbey. By 1202, the monks of Saint-André held sole ownership of Sainte-Marie and Saint-Pierre churches, despite still owing allegiance to the house of Toulouse. The site was briefly occupied by soldiers in 1396.
In 1563, the Baron des Adrets entered the domain during the Wars of Religion. In 1696, the château was sold to Joseph de Martin, then passed through various families, suffering gradual decline. In 1836, part of the château was dismantled due to local authority orders, despite ownership disputes.
The Thouzon altarpiece, now in the Louvre, consists of two painted willowwood panels depicting scenes from the life of Saint Andrew. Discovered in 1870 in one of Thouzon’s chapels, it portrays Saint Andrew driving out demons and extinguishing a fire with his disciple.
The site is open to pedestrians year-round. Sainte-Marie Church is accessible on the first and third Sundays of each month, during Heritage Days, and on the first Sunday in May.
The Clementinum is a historic complex of buildings in Prague. Until recently the complex hosted the National, University and Technical libraries, the City Library also being located nearby on Mariánské Náměstí. The Technical library and the Municipal library have moved to the Prague National Technical Library at Technická 6 since 2009. It is currently in use as the National Library of the Czech Republic.
Its history dates from the existence of a chapel dedicated to Saint Clement in the 11th century. A Dominican monastery was founded in the medieval period, which was transformed in 1556 to a Jesuit college. In 1622 the Jesuits transferred the library of Charles University to the Klementinum, and the college was merged with the University in 1654. The Jesuits remained until 1773, when the Klementinum was established as an observatory, library, and university by the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria.