Château de Buranlure, is an ancient fortress in the Berry region of France, dating from the late Middle Ages and the transition towards the Renaissance. The domain, owned by the de Bar family, vassals to the Count of Sancerre, played a key defensive role in the vicinity between the 14th and 16th centuries.
Built adjacent to the Loire river, it was at the border between two kingdoms: that of the king of France, residing a few kilometres away in Bourges, and the Burgundians, in Cosne sur Loire. It was frequently used as a command post for the king's troops during the Hundred Years' War to counter the Anglo-Burgundians.
During the religious wars, the then lord of Buranlure, Antoine de Bar, raised an army to support the Maréchal de La Châtre as he was laying siege to Sancerre, a Protestant stronghold.
As the de Bar family gradually abandoned it for more comfortable houses, it was acquired in 1769 by the Perrinet Langeron family. Their interest in the purchase was more the pastures included in the estate than the castle, as they deemed it dull and sober. They converted the castle into a farmer's lodgings, and so it remained until the beginning of the 20th century.
This lack of interest left Buranlure architecturally untouched, allowing it to keep its rustic look and feel throughout the centuries while other castles were given more modern touches. However, heavily worn out by time and the occupation, an ambitious restoration project was launched at the end of World War II by Arnaud de Vogüé, a descendant of the Perrinet Langeron family. Thanks to the work of experts and local craftsmen, great care was given to ensure Buranlure kept its authenticity.
References:The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.