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Founded: 13th centuryCategory: Castles and fortifications in France
Historical period: Late Capetians (France)
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Fort Queyras, formerly 'Château-Queyras,' is a 13th-century castle in Château-Ville-Vieille (Hautes-Alpes). Built on a rocky peak, it once defended the Guil Valley and the Haut-Dauphiné. Modified by Vauban in 1695, it was also used as a prison.
Listed as a historic monument in 1948, it was decommissioned in 1940 and returned to civilian use in 1967. Now privately owned and open to visitors, it was auctioned in 2021 for €661,000.
The Walls of Constantinople are a series of defensive stone walls that have surrounded and protected the city of Constantinople (today Istanbul) since its founding as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine the Great. With numerous additions and modifications during their history, they were the last great fortification system of antiquity, and one of the most complex and elaborate systems ever built. They were also the largest and strongest fortification in both the ancient and medieval world.
Initially built by Constantine the Great, the walls surrounded the new city on all sides, protecting it against attack from both sea and land. As the city grew, the famous double line of the Theodosian Walls was built in the 5th century. Although the other sections of the walls were less elaborate, they were, when well-manned, almost impregnable for any medieval besieger.