St. Andrew's Church

Kraków, Poland

The Church of St. Andrew was built between 1079 and 1098 by a medieval Polish statesman Palatine Sieciech. It is a rare surviving example of the European fortress church used for defensive purposes.

Built in Romanesque style, it is one of the oldest buildings in Kraków and one of the best-preserved Romanesque buildings in Poland. It was the only church in Kraków to withstand the Mongol attack of 1241. Along the lower part of the broader section of its façade are small openings that served as defensive windows at a time when the church was a place of refuge from military assaults.

From 1320 it was used by the Religious Order of Poor Clares. The building has been renovated many times. The present Baroque interiors have decorations by Baltazar Fontana, paintings by Karol Dankwart and gilded altars. The Baroque domes atop the octagonal towers were added in 1639.

The massive building was constructed from stone blocks towards the end of the 11th century, and also fulfilled important defensive functions. The two octagonal looking towers, with the doubled arcade windows are perfect examples and characteristic of Romanesque architecture. They extend high over the body of the church. The apse decorated with a modest arcade freeze and numerous details (including stairs and window frames) maintain the same character.

The structure was probably expanded, extended and strengthened up until the mid-12th century. The church successfully withstood the Tatar-Mongol raid of 1241, providing shelter for the majority of residents and inhabitants of the city. At that time, it was – quite rightly – called “the lower castle” to be distinguished from the nearby “upper” standing on top of the Wawel Hill. It was also sometimes referred to as the second church of Kraków after the Wawel Cathedral. In 1320, the church was entrusted to the Order of Poor Clares, whose convent was built south of the church. Also the brick, Gothic oratorio that today plays the role of the sacristy dates back to that period.

The baroque decoration of the interior, with rich stucco decoration by Italian painter and architect Baldassare 'Baltazar' Fontana, comes from the refurbishment that took place after 1700, while the construction of the high altar, attributed to Francesco Placidi was initiated in the upcoming years. Attention is drawn to the pulpit in the shape of a boat, and the musical choir with 18th-century organ in the chancel, decorated in the rococo manner. The baroque steeples added in 1639 contrast with the severity of the Romanesque form of the church.

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Address

Grodzka 54, Kraków, Poland
See all sites in Kraków

Details

Founded: 1079-1098
Category: Religious sites in Poland

More Information

en.wikipedia.org

Rating

4.7/5 (based on Google user reviews)

User Reviews

Thomas B (13 days ago)
This beautiful 11th century historic church is in the heart of Krakow, just south of Main Market Square along Grodzka Street. We read this stunning Anglican-Episcopal church has been a place of worship for the English-speaking community in Krakow since 1896. The striking Gothic Revival architecture and stunning stained-glass windows are wonderful, but at the time of our visit, there was a lot of construction/remodeling going on inside the church. However, if you are interested in history, architecture, or simply looking for a peaceful oasis in the bustling city, this church is a must see. There is also a convent connected to the church, but it is not open to the public. Entry into the church is free.
Olga F. (23 days ago)
Step into one of the oldest and most beautiful churches in Krakow, built in the 11th century in Italian Baroque style, and enjoy its stunning Christmas decorations. Inside, you’ll find festive Christmas trees, vibrant bouquets of fresh flowers, and a warm holiday atmosphere. The nativity scene in the left chapel is a true masterpiece, with figures dating back to the 14th century, gifted to the church by Elizabeth, sister of Casimir the Great. In the 14th century, the church was handed over to the Order of the Poor Clares, and a women’s monastery adjoins the church. In the monastery courtyard, neatly trimmed evergreen bushes are shaped into geometric forms. The atmosphere is peaceful and serene. The monastery treasury holds valuable 18th-century reliquaries, a mosaic icon of the Virgin Mary from the 16th-17th centuries, and in the monastery library, there are rare books, including a late Romanesque gradual and illuminated early Gothic volumes.
The WWII Professor (6 months ago)
A beautiful romanesque church constructed in the 11th Century designed as a fortification to withstand attacks from invaders....as is did against the Mongols in the 13th Century. There were additions constructed over a period of 800 years, including the exquisite interior in the Baroque style with the magnificent stucco and alter by Italian artisans.
cupi shomwl (10 months ago)
I had an incredible opportunity to visit this church and attended the classical music concert . The experience was nothing short of breathtaking, as I admired the concert and the stunning views of the church . The history and architecture of the church left me in awe. this church and concert is a must if you in krakow
Bobby C (2 years ago)
One of the oldest buildings in Krakow and certainly one of the oldest churches. What's neat about this church is that it preserved its 11th century Romanesque shape. Another interesting fact is that its actually a fortified church, meaning that it served as a "keep" during sieges of the city. Rather small inside and the furnishings are of a much later date.
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